Vowels in Serbian: Phonetics and Pronunciation

by Magdalena Petrović Jelić | Jul 26, 2018

Vowels in Serbian: Phonetics and Pronunciation

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In Serbian language there are only 5 vowels. That’s less then in English, French or German. Learn how to pronounce Serbian vowels properly.

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There are only 5 vowels in the Serbian language, just like in Greek, Italian or Spanish. That’s less than in English, French or German!

Vowels are sounds produced without any barrier in mouth. Air flows freely to create sound. The sound is then modulated by moving tongue up or down, closer to or further from the palate, and by changing the shape of lips.

Serbian vowels are pronounced consistently – always the same way. This is how we write them: A, E, I, O, U.

In this video, you will learn how to pronounce them accurately. You will learn how all five vowels are produced and practice pronouncing them individually and within example words.

It’s a part of the Tako Lako Beginner Serbian Course.

Serbian language has 30 sounds. In this lesson we will analyze and explore these sounds by grouping them according to the way they are produced.

Serbian orthography is phonemic. That means that there is one letter for every one of the 30 sounds and that each sound is always represented by one same letter.

In this course we’re using the Serbian Latin script or latinica.

We will start from the “easy sounds”. These are the sounds that are equal or similar to the sounds of the English phonetic system. We will analyze them in order to get ready to analyze and produce the sounds that are typical for Serbian and non-existent in English.

Serbian Vowels / Vokali ili samoglasnici

Vowels are sounds produced without any barrier in mouth. Air flows freely to create sound, and the sound is modulated by moving tongue up or down, closer to or further from the palate, and by changing the shape of lips.

In Serbian language there are only 5 vowels: i, e, a, o and u. That’s less then in English, and they are pronounced consistently – always the same way.

I	lips stretched to a smile,tongue close to palate, jaws together	*sin* (son)
E	jaws open a bit, tongue drops a bit down from the palate	ne (no)
A	lips in neutral position, mouth wide open, tongue away from the palate	da (yes)
O	lips form circular shape, lower jaw moves up	*mol* (dock)
U	lips still rounded, lower jaw moves further up	*kum* (godfather)

Vowel distribution and consonant clusters

There are 5 vowels in Serbian and they are the same as Italian, Spanish or Greek vowels: a, e, i, o and u.

There are no semivowels or umlauts in Serbian.

However, sometimes the R sound works as a vowel as well. Just like in our country’s name: Srbija (Serbia), or our neighboring countries: Hrvatska (Croatia), Crna Gora (Montenegro) and Grčka (Greece).

This vowel-like R is the reason some people complain about consonant clusters in Serbian. It is the only vowel in the words like:

prst finger
vrh top, peak
smrt death
trn thorn
and also “tvrđava” fortress, probably the most challenging word for many Serbian learners.

But don’t worry, such words are actually rare in the Serbian language!

Normal placement of Serbian vowels

Usually, we have one of the five vowels between every two consonants (that’s the most common distribution of vowels). Like in these words:

kolega colleague
televizija television
akademija academia
tigar tiger
banana banana

Or we’ll have two or three consonants followed by a vowel:

profesorica proffessor
student student
škola school
stvar thing
drug friend

Sometimes we’ll have two vowels together, and then each vowel is pronounced individually. Like in these words:

automobil automobile
radio radio
avion airplane
januar January
farmaceut farmacist

by Magdalena Petrovic Jelic

Founder of Serbonika

Serbian language teacher and entrepreneur, language lover and polyglot, but also a mother and a relentless storyteller.

On a mission to create the best web space for learning Serbian: Serbonika.

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New Year Traditions in Serbia: Why We Celebrate Twice

by Magdalena Petrović Jelić | Dec 23, 2017

New Year Traditions in Serbia: Why We Celebrate Twice

If you ever dreamed of celebrating Christmas and two New Year twice, Serbia is the best place for that. Do you know why Serbs have two new years? Learn about Christmas and New Year traditions in Serbia, customs, beliefs, greetings.

If you ever dreamed of celebrating Christmas and New Year twice, Serbia is the best place for that. Did you know that we have double holidays in Serbia? Two Christmases and two New Years! In this post I’ll explain all the basics of the Christmas and New Year traditions in Serbia.

2 Christmas and New Year Traditions in Serbia

In this video you’ll learn all about Christmas and New Year traditions in Serbia. You’ll find out why we double-celebrate, and what are the most important element and practices of the two holidays. Also, you’ll learn how to wish your friends a Merry Christmas and a happy New Year in Serbian.

[transcript of the video]

Have you ever wondered why we have two Christmases and two New Years in Serbia?

I’m Magdalena from Serbian Courses, and in this video I’ll explain our a bit strange tradition to double celebrate Christmas and New Year in Serbia.

The two calendars

It all starts with calendars. We basically have two calendars. The new calendar or Gregorian (novi ili gregorijanski kalendar) is used in the entire state. And the old calendar (stari ili julijanski kalendar) is used by our church. That’s why we refer to the old calendar as „pravoslavni“ (orthodox) whereas we would refer to the new calendar as „katolički“ (catholic).

Religion in Serbia

Serbia is a predominantly orthodox country. If you look at the data at Wikipedia, you’ll see that 85% of population are orthodox, and five percent are catholic. However, these 5 percent are concentrated in North Serbia, in Vojvodina. And in Vojvodina it’s very typical that in various cities both catholic and orthodox Christmases are celebrated.

The dates of Christmas and New Year holidays in Serbia

Between the two calendars we currently have 13 days of difference.

The Catholic Christmas (katolički Božić) is celebrated on December 25 (dvadeset petog decembra).

The Orthodox Christmas (pravoslavni Božić) is celebrated 13 days later, on January 7 (sedmog januara).

New Year’s Eve is celebrated on December 31 (trideset prvog decembra).

Orthodox or Serbian New Year (Pravoslavna ili Srpska nova godina) is celebrated on january 13 (trinaestog januara).

Holiday contradiction in Serbia: Catholic New Year and Orthodox Christmas

Since the vast majority of citizens in Serbia are orthodox, the Orthodox Christmas (on January 7) is the biggest or the most celebrated holiday, whereas the entire country will celebrate December 31 as New Year.

Why is this so?

Because Christmas (Božić) is a very traditional holiday and people started celebrating New Year’s Eve on December 31 after the World War 2.

Celebration of the New Year on December 31 started with communism and it’s not a religious holiday.

It’s a party that we celebrate with our friends. Whereas Christmas is religious, traditional and it’s all about family.

Christmas and New Year traditions in Serbia

For New Years Eve we say doček Nove godine, which means like ‘waiting for new year’. Because we’re waiting for it to come.

For Christmas Eve we say Badnje veče.

For Christmas we also have badnjak, which is a branch of an oak tree, usually.

And for New Year we have novogodišnja jelka – we don’t say Christmas tree, it’s „New Year’s tree“ for us.

For Christmas we have Božić Bata (Christmas Guy) bringing presents to the children.

And for New Year’s eve we have Deda Mraz (Santa Claus or „Grandpa Frost“, as we put it.)

As you can see, Christmas and New Year in Serbia are two different traditions. Božić is orthodox and religious and traditional, whereas New Year is new, and it’s all about friends and partying.

Since the businesses in the country and the State itself use the new calendar, December 31 is considered the end of the old year and the January 1 is considered the beginning of a new year, together with the entire Western World.

And January 13 is Serbian or Orthodox New Year and it’s less celebrated. It is also celebrated, celebration is the same (you party with your friends, you have the New Year’s tree) but less people celebrate on that date.